❄️
January
Sow & plant
- Tomatoes and peppers under cover on a heated propagator
- Broad beans in pots in a frost-free place
Harvest
- Leeks, kale, parsnips from the ground
- Check stored potatoes, onions, and squash
Key jobs
- Order seeds before popular varieties sell out
- Plan crop rotation for the coming season
- Clean and oil tools
- Apply lime to brassica beds if pH below 6.5
🌱
February
Sow & plant
- Onions and leeks in modules on a warm windowsill
- Chit seed potatoes in a light, frost-free place
- Peas in lengths of guttering indoors
Harvest
- Leeks and kale continue
- Last of stored crops — check for rot
Key jobs
- Apply compost to beds you'll plant into in April and May
- Check overwintering broad beans and brassicas
- Begin hardening off any plants started very early
☀️
March
Sow & plant
- Carrots, parsnips, beetroot direct once soil exceeds 7°C
- Courgettes and cucumbers in pots under cover
- Peas direct or transplant from guttering
- Lettuce and salad leaves under cover
Harvest
- First salad leaves from late-winter sowings
- Last of stored crops
Key jobs
- Plant out onion sets and shallots
- Sow brassicas in modules for transplanting in May
- Check soil temperature before sowing direct
- Remove weeds before they establish
🌷
April
Sow & plant
- Beetroot, chard, and spinach direct
- Runner and French beans in pots under cover
- Successional carrot and lettuce sowings
- Kale and brassicas in modules
Harvest
- Early lettuce and salad leaves
- Last leeks and spring cabbages
Key jobs
- Plant potatoes once soil is workable
- Harden off plants raised under cover
- Protect brassica seedlings from flea beetle and slugs
- Keep on top of weeds — they're growing fast now
🌿
May
Sow & plant
- Courgettes and cucumbers direct outdoors from mid-May
- Sweetcorn in blocks
- Final French and runner bean sowings
- Salad leaves, radishes, spring onions
Harvest
- Asparagus if you grow it
- Lettuce and early salads in full flow
- Broad beans beginning in mild areas
Key jobs
- Plant out tomatoes, courgettes, and beans after last frost (mid-May in most areas)
- Transplant leeks and brassicas into final positions
- Net brassicas against cabbage white butterfly
- Watch for slug damage on young plants
☀️
June
Sow & plant
- Salad leaves, radishes — keep sowing every 2 weeks
- Late beetroot and carrots
- Florence fennel direct
Harvest
- Broad beans — pick before the scar turns black
- Early peas
- Garlic once lower leaves yellow
- Early potatoes once plants flower
Key jobs
- Water consistently — the single most important June job
- Feed tomatoes and courgettes weekly once fruiting
- Pinch out tomato sideshoots weekly
- Thin root vegetable seedlings to correct spacing
🍅
July
Sow & plant
- Spring cabbage in a seedbed
- Kale for winter harvesting
- Turnips for autumn
- Last French bean sowing
Harvest
- Garlic — lift once lower leaves yellow
- Early potatoes daily
- Courgettes daily — they go from perfect to marrow in 48 hours
- Peas, beans, beetroot, onions
Key jobs
- Check for blight on tomatoes and potatoes after warm wet weather
- Earth up remaining potatoes
- Remove lower yellowing leaves from tomatoes
- Keep plots watered in dry spells
🌽
August
Sow & plant
- Spring cabbage for transplanting in September
- Winter lettuce — overwintering varieties
- Pak choi, mizuna, and Oriental leaves
- Japanese overwintering onion sets
Harvest
- Tomatoes — main season begins
- Sweetcorn once kernels release milky juice
- Onions once tops fall and necks soften
- Runner and French beans — pick every few days
Key jobs
- Cure onions in sun before storing
- Pinch out tomato growing tips above top truss in late August
- Check and remove blight from tomatoes promptly
- Clear spent crops as they finish
🎃
September
Sow & plant
- Garlic from mid-September
- Overwintering onion sets
- Broad beans — autumn sowing gives earlier crop
- Winter salads under cover
Harvest
- Squash and pumpkins before first frost
- Maincrop potatoes — cut tops first, lift after 2 weeks
- Last tomatoes before frosts
- Leeks, kale, and root vegetables beginning
Key jobs
- Clear summer crops and compost
- Dig in compost on cleared beds
- Pot up herbs for indoor use
- Collect and dry seeds from reliable plants
🍂
October
Sow & plant
- Garlic — main planting month
- Overwintering onion sets — last chance
- Tulips and spring bulbs
Harvest
- Parsnips — best after first frost
- Leeks in full season
- Kale — frost improves flavour
- Carrots and beetroot — lift or leave in ground
Key jobs
- Clear, compost, and cover empty beds
- Plant bare-root fruit trees — cheapest and best time to buy
- Service and store tools
- Plan next year's crop rotation
🌧️
November
Sow & plant
- Broad beans in mild areas, well-drained soil only
Harvest
- Leeks, kale, parsnips, Brussels sprouts
- Celeriac can be lifted from now
Key jobs
- Net brassicas against pigeons — they'll strip them as other food disappears
- Check stored crops monthly — remove anything rotting
- Dig heavy soils and leave rough for frost to break down
- Order seed catalogues for next year
🎄
December
Sow & plant
- Nothing outdoors
- Amaryllis and paperwhites indoors if wanted
Harvest
- Leeks, kale, parsnips, Brussels sprouts
Key jobs
- Plan next season on paper
- Order seeds before January rush
- Check stored crops
- Rest — the garden doesn't need much from you this month
Related guides
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